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• Introduction

The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized protocols. It is a vast network of information that enables users to access a wide range of resources, including text, images, video, and audio. The internet has become an integral part of modern society, connecting people and businesses across the globe and facilitating the exchange of information and ideas.

• History

The origins of the internet can be traced back to the late 1960s, when the United States Department of Defense began developing a network of computers to facilitate communication and collaboration among researchers. This network, called ARPANET, was the precursor to the modern internet. Over the next several decades, the internet evolved and expanded, with the introduction of new technologies and protocols, such as TCP/IP, which allowed for the creation of a unified and global network.

• Who Invented Internet

The Internet was not invented by a single person, but rather by a group of scientists, engineers, and computer scientists from around the world. The development of the Internet began in the 1960s with the development of packet switching, a method of transmitting data in small packets rather than as one large block.

One of the key figures in the early development of the Internet was American computer scientist, Vint Cerf, who, along with Bob Kahn, developed the TCP/IP protocol, which is the foundation of the Internet.

Another key figure is British computer scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, who developed the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, which made the Internet more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience.

Many other researchers, engineers, and scientists have contributed to the development and evolution of the Internet over the years, making it a truly global effort.

• Types of Internet

The internet is often divided into three main parts:

• The surface web
• The deep web
• The dark web

The Surface Web Internet

The surface web is easily accessible and indexed by search engines such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo. It is the part of the internet that most people are familiar with and use on a daily basis.

The Deep Web

The deep web, on the other hand, is the part of the internet that is not indexed by search engines and is not easily accessible to the general public. This includes things like password-protected websites, online databases, and other types of content that are not meant to be publicly available.

The Dark Web

The dark web is a small and hidden part of the internet that can only be accessed using specialized software, such as the Tor browser. It is often used for illegal activities such as buying and selling drugs and weapons, hacking, and other illegal activities.

• Internet Providers

There are several types of companies that provide Internet access, including:

1. Internet Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs are companies that provide Internet access to customers through wired or wireless networks. ISPs typically offer different types of plans, such as DSL, cable, and fiber-optic, each with varying speeds and prices. Some examples of ISPs include Comcast, AT&T, and Verizon.
2. Mobile Network Operators (MNOs): MNOs are companies that provide Internet access through cellular networks. They typically offer plans that include a certain amount of data, and customers can connect to the Internet using their smartphones or mobile hotspots. Some examples of MNOs include T-Mobile, Verizon, and AT&T.
3. Satellite Providers: These companies provide Internets access through a satellite dish, which is typically used in rural or remote areas where other types of Internet access are not available. Examples are Via sat and Hughes Net.
4. Municipal/Community Networks: These are networks that are owned and operated by cities, towns, or other local entities. They provide Internet access to residents and businesses, often at lower prices than commercial ISPs.
5. Wireless Service Providers (WISPs): These companies provide wireless Internet access to customers through a network of radio towers or other wireless infrastructure. They are often used in rural or remote areas where wired Internet access is not available.

The availability and type of Internet providers will vary depending on location, and it’s important to check what’s available in your area before signing up for a service.

Internet Speed Test

The speed test is a tool that measures the amount of time it takes for data to be sent from a device to a server on the internet, and for the server’s response to be received by the device. The test measures the download speed, upload speed, and latency of the connection. There are many websites and apps available that can be used to perform a speed test, such as speedtest.net, fast.com, and others. These tools measure the current internet speed and provide the results in the form of a report that includes information such as the download speed, upload speed, and ping

• Impact on Society

The internet has had a profound impact on society and the way we live our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and access information. It has made it possible for people to connect with others from around the world and has made it easy to share information and ideas. The internet has also had a significant impact on the economy, with the rise of e-commerce and online businesses. It has also played a major role in the development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things.

• Disadvantages

The internet also has disadvantages. One of the major concerns is the issue of online privacy and security. As more and more personal information is shared online, there is a growing risk of identity theft and other types of cybercrime. Additionally, the internet has also led to the spread of misinformation and the creation of echo chambers, where people are only exposed to information that confirms their existing beliefs.

• How It Works

It is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized protocols. The basic building blocks are:

• Hardware:

The physical infrastructure of the Internets, including servers, routers, switches, and cables.

• Software:

The set of protocols and programs that govern how data is transmitted and received over the Internet.

• Transmission media:

The means by which data is sent between devices, including cables, wireless networks, and satellite links.

When you connect, you are connecting to a network of networks. Your computer, or other device, connects to a local network (such as your home Wi-Fi), which in turn connects to a larger network, such as an (ISP). The ISP’s network connects to other networks, which connect to yet more networks, ultimately linking to the global network of networks that makes up the Internets.

Once connected, data can be transmitted between devices using the (IP). IP is the standard that governs how data is packaged, addressed, and routed across. Every device connected to the Internet is assigned a unique IP address, which acts like a mailing address, allowing data to be sent to the correct location.

Data is transmitted over in small packets, rather than as one large block. Each packet contains the IP address of the sender and the intended recipient, as well as other information needed to route the packet to its destination. The packets are sent through a series of routers, which use routing tables to determine the most efficient path for the packet to travel to its destination.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used to ensure that the packets are received in the correct order and to retransmit any packets that are lost in transit.

On top of the low-level IP and TCP protocols, many other protocols are used to enable different types of services, such as the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for the web, the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for email, and the FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for file transfers.

• Conclusion

It is a powerful and ever-evolving technology that has had a significant impact on society. It has opened up new opportunities and made it easier to access information and connect with others. However, it also poses significant challenges, and it is important for individuals and society as a whole to be aware of the potential risks and take steps to mitigate them.